China-Japan Weakness Persists; Korea Exports Fall

China’s manufacturing contraction persisted last month, Japanese industrial companies grew more pessimistic and South Korean exports fell, signaling East Asia’s biggest economies have yet to reverse their slowdowns.

A Chinese factory index was at 49.8 for September, the first time that it has been below 50 for two straight months since 2009, a statistics bureau report showed in Beijing today. Japan’s Tankan index of large manufacturers’ confidence fell to minus 3 for the past quarter. South Korean shipments slid for a third month.

In China, measures to support growth may be stepped up after the Communist Party dealt with political issues including laying charges against ousted Politburo member Bo Xilai and setting Nov. 8 for the start of a party congress, Bank of America Corp. said today. Japan’s fiscal response may be complicated by a parliamentary stand-off over financing and an election as early as this year, with Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda reshuffling his cabinet today to revive support.

“We don’t expect a bounce back soon from the slowdowns in these East Asian economies,” said Junko Nishioka, an economist at RBS Securities Japan Ltd. in Tokyo and a former central bank official.

 

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Japan Economy Stuttering Ahead of China Crisis

Japan released yet more worrying figures on Friday, showing the world’s third largest economy was already stuttering before a damaging territorial dispute erupted with its largest trading partner.

Factory output in August shrank by a bigger-than-expected 1.3 per cent from the previous month, the industry ministry said as it admitted production activity was weakening.

The decline was much sharper than an average market forecast of a 0.4 per cent drop.

“Industrial production appears to be weakened,” the ministry said in a statement, downgrading its overall assessment. It had said a month ago that production appeared to be flat.

Japan’s export-driven economy is struggling to right itself following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster, while also suffering from Europe’s debt crisis, slowing Chinese demand and the strong yen.

Japanese businesses are now worried about taking a hit from the effects of a flare-up in the row between Tokyo and Beijing over the ownership of islands in the East China Sea.

 

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Manmohan Singh has Pushed Economy Back to 1991 Level: Venkaiah

Alleging that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has pushed the country’s economy back to the 1991 era of economic crisis, the BJP today hit out at the UPA government for allowing FDI in multi-brand retail.

“The Prime Minister is saying that the 1991 situation is coming back… Who is responsible for this? Prime Minister? You have been in power since last eight years. It’s because of your mismanagement of economy,” BJP leader Venkaiah Naidu told reporters here.

He said the current situation of economy was the result of government’s wrong priorities and overall policy paralysis. “From a robust economy, resilient economy you have turned it into a roasted economy,” he said.

Venkaiah was referring to the serious economic crisis of 1990-1991 when the country’s foreign exchange reserves stood at mere USD 1.2 billion in January 1991. India had to airlift its gold reserves to pledge it with International Monetary Fund (IMF) for a loan.

The former BJP president said senior Congress leader Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi was against allowing FDI in retail.

Quoting Dasmunsi’s letter dated December 16, 2002, Venkaiah said, “Multinational retailers are continuously putting pressure on the government to take anti-national decision of allowing FDI in retail trade.”

 

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Some Questions for the Asian Economic Century

Of course, it was not possible to avoid discussion of Europe, the US and elsewhere with clients as I travelled, especially as there is so much in the news about them. I shall touch on those parts of the world briefly before I turn to Asia. Before I do that, to emphasize the relative importance of regions for just this second decade of the century, let me repeat something key from our economic assumptions that I occasionally refer to. We are assuming that the eight economies we define as “Growth Economies” – Brazil, Russia, India, China, Indonesia, South Korea, Mexico and Turkey – will contribute around $15 trillion in real terms to the world this decade. This contribution will allow for faster, yes faster global GDP growth of around 4.2% than for each of the past three decades. Of this $15 trillion, one-half will come from China, and another quarter of the total will come from the other Asian Growth Economies. This $15 trillion total will be more than twice that of Europe and the US combined. The Next 11 (N-11) economies, which as well as including South Korea and Indonesia, include another four Asian economies – Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Philippines and Vietnam – will contribute nearly as much as the G7 and more than either the US or Europe.

More Mixed Signals in the US

As we await the all important payrolls and ISM data, last week was another mixed week in terms of data with only the drop in weekly job claims to encourage the optimists and the notable weakness in durable goods, the highlight to excite the bears.

 

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Taking a Reality Check on China

The idea that the US faced eclipse by its Soviet adversary was common through the 1950s and 60s, although Samuelson clung to it longer than most. The Soviet state could marshal the resources to drive rapid investment, bringing economic growth rates approaching 10 per cent through the first two post-war decades. It was hailed as “an economic miracle”.

The obvious parallel is China, where hyperbole over the power of its compound growth has captured official thinking. Wayne Swan says the speed of Asia’s transformation is staggering, noting at the recent Treasury and Reserve Bank conference on the rise of Asia that China had doubled its gross domestic product in a decade, one-fifth of the time it took Britain during the Industrial Revolution. “By early next decade, the economies of China and India alone are expected to be larger than all the major advanced economies combined,” Swan said.

The story is familiar. The influx of peasants from the countryside into the urban workforce brings a powerful boost to productivity, and this can continue for decades.

China is following the same trajectory as Japan and South Korea but on an incomparably larger scale. It may happen, but right now there is an urgent need for clearer analysis of the forces slowing the economy of Australia’s largest market.

 

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China Slowdown Overshadows Japan Economy

Japan’s economy is leveling off as China’s slowing growth casts a deep shadow over production and exports.

The Bank of Japan’s quarterly Tankan survey released Oct. 1 showed a sharp loss of business confidence among automakers and steelmakers.

The diffusion index for large automakers plunged from 32 in the previous June survey to 19, while the diffusion index for large steelmakers sank from minus 17 to minus 28.

The 13-point drop for large automakers was the steepest among all industry sectors. Automakers are key customers for steelmakers.

The diffusion index for all large manufacturers, the headline component of the Tankan survey, dipped 2 points to minus 3, for the first fall in three quarters. The index stayed below zero for the fourth consecutive quarter.

The index is calculated by subtracting the percentage of companies reporting unfavorable business conditions from the percentage of companies reporting favorable conditions. A negative reading means pessimists outnumber optimists.

 

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India Could Gain from China-Japan Rift

The recent spurt in the Japan-China conflict over the contested islands, Senkaku to Japan and Diaoyu to China, was not unexpected.

The surge in anti-Japanese sentiment in China is nothing new. The root of the Sino-Japanese conflict lies in the history of their ties. Anti-Japanese sentiment flared up in China in 2005 over the new Japanese textbooks, which seemed to gloss over Japanese war crimes.

In contrast, Indo-Japanese ties have rarely been hindered by political conflict, except when India went for nuclear testing. In fact, Japan has proved to be India’s true bilateral economic partner over the years.

Can the resurgence of anti-Japanese sentiment in China prove to be a blessing in disguise for India? Can it divert Japanese investment to India?

It is important to note that economic ties between Japan and China deepened over the last decade, notwithstanding historical scars. The question is how India can reap the benefits, even as it cannot match Chinese infrastructure and low costs.

During the 2000s, China emerged as a favourite destination of Japanese investors. Japanese investment in China surged from a paltry $935 million in 2000 to $12,649 million in 2011.

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Credit Suisse: The Chinese Economy Is A Car ‘Stuck In The Snow’

Overinvestment, along with many reasons, mean that private sector is not willing to invest because their businesses are becoming unprofitable in China. On top of the the private sector are highly leveraged, which means that central banks may lower interest rates, but in the absence of profitable businesses and high debt, private sector will not invest. This is reflected by the fact that investment in manufacturing sector is now a major drag on total investment.

Dong Tao of Credit Suisse, one of the best China economists, came up with the following perfect metaphor describing the Chinese economy (emphasis ours):

Imagine the scene when a car is stuck in the snow. The driver keeps stepping on the gas pedal. The wheels move, but the car does not move forward. This car is called the Chinese economy. The Beijing leadership is in the driver’s seat, stepping on the gas pedal. Between the wheel and the snow is the liquidity trap.  Thus, under excessively loose monetary conditions, further easing in monetary policy does not get the Chinese economy moving forward.

 

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China’s Economy,Inflation Trend Stable: Central Bank

China’s central bank said on Tuesday that it will “fine tune” policy to cushion the economy against global risks while closely watching the possible impact from recent policy loosening in the United States and Europe.

“We will continue to implement prudent monetary policy, make policies more targeted, flexible and forward-looking, while fine tuning policy according to the economic situation,” the central bank said in a statement after its third-quarter monetary policy meeting.

“We will use various policy tools to guide the steady and appropriate growth in money and credit and maintain reasonable social financing aggregate,” the central bank said, adding that it will improve financial resource allocation and resolve the structural distortions in credit supply and demand.

Many smaller Chinese firms, the key driver of economic growth and job creation, remain starved for cash as commercial banks still favor large, state-backed companies.

 

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How America Can Beat China’s State Capitalism

With the rise of China as an economy, a question hangs in the air: Can America beat state capitalism? The evidence is not encouraging. The U.S. has lost millions of jobs to the Chinese. It will lose millions more if China, as it proposes, turns itself into a high-tech giant in critical industries ranging from telecommunications to aviation.

The rise of state capitalism has put the U.S. at a competitive disadvantage. State capitalism operates with zero-sum rules, in which one country gains as another loses. This is hardball competition, dog eat dog. And the Chinese dog is eating the American one in products ranging from cell phones to steel.

Zero-sum capitalism is not the form of capitalism U.S. policymakers see as the challenge in global markets. U.S. policymakers are guided instead by the idea of a win-win world. When everyone trades freely, business expands across the board. Every country wins. This free-market, open-trade approach is enshrined in the World Trade Organization.

But policymakers awkwardly straddle a gap in logic. A win-win is possible only if everyone wants to cooperate. China doesn’t. True, trade negotiators issue press releases hailing cooperation. But on the ground China keeps foreign companies from competing freely. It appropriates technology from foreign joint-venture partners without compensation. It regulates foreign firms with rules not faced by domestic ones. It bestows goodies on its firms—free land, cheap loans—to give them an edge.

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